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In the mathematical field of group theory, the Baumslag–Solitar groups are examples of two-generator one-relator groups that play an important role in combinatorial group theory and geometric group theory as (counter)examples and test-cases. They are given by the group presentation : For each integer and , the Baumslag–Solitar group is denoted . The relation in the presentation is called the Baumslag–Solitar relation. Some of the various are well-known groups. is the free abelian group on two generators, and is the fundamental group of the Klein bottle. The groups were defined by Gilbert Baumslag and Donald Solitar in 1962 to provide examples of non-Hopfian groups. The groups contain residually finite groups, Hopfian groups that are not residually finite, and non-Hopfian groups. ==Linear representation== Define : The matrix group generated by and is a homomorphic image of , via the homomorphism induced by : It is worth noting that this will not, in general, be an isomorphism. For instance if is not residually finite (i.e. if it is not the case that , , or 〔See (Nonresidually Finite One-Relator Groups ) by Stephen Meskin for a proof of the residual finiteness condition〕) it cannot be isomorphic to a finitely generated linear group, which is known to be residually finite by a theorem of Mal'cev.〔Anatoliĭ Ivanovich Mal'cev, "On the faithful representation of infinite groups by matrices" Transl. Amer. Math. Soc. (2), 45 (1965), pp. 1–18〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baumslag–Solitar group」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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